TYPES OF FOUNDATIONS OR FOOTING USE IN BUILDINGS

Foundation or Footing is the most important and basic part of a structure. There are different types of foundations that function as to transfers loads of a structure to the underlying soil. so today we are going to explain the different types of Foundation or Footing we have.

Factors on which footing types depends are,

1. Bearing Capacity of the soil.
2. The load applied from structure to the foundation.
3. The type of Superstructure is going to construct.
4. The Condition of the soil.
5. The depth of the soil at which safe bearing strata exists.

Types of Foundations or Footings

8 Types of the foundation-footing are used in construction are,

1. Isolated Footings.
2. Spread Footings.
3. Slope Footings.
4. Strap Footings.
5. Stepped Footing.
6. Combined Footings.
7. Mat or Raft Foundation.
8. Pile Foundation

1.ISOLATED FOOTINGS:

The isolated footing is commonly used in reinforced cement concrete columns because it very is simple and most economical as compared to the other footings. This footing is used to support a single RCC Column. The isolated footings are independent footings for every column and provided for each column separately in buildings.

Restriction in Isolated Footings:

1. Columns are not closely spaced.
2. Loads on the footing are must be less.
3. The safe bearing capacity of the undersoil is high at those places.

2.SPREAD FOOTINGS:

In spread footing, spread bars are provided under the column and Wall base. So that the load of the structure is distributed on the wide-area of the soil in such a way that the safe bearing capacity of the soil is not exceeded.

3.SLOPED FOOTING:

Normally footing having the sloping top or side faces. The isolated sloped footing is used to distribute the load evenly from columns to the soil.

To transfer the load of the column to its base evenly, that’s why we provide the sloped pattern of the footing.  To distribute load uniformly to the base of the column, The rectangular part will also be provided in isolated slop footings.

4.STRAP FOOTING:

The strap footing is the type of combined footing. The strap footings are consisting of two or more reinforcement concrete columns connected to each other with the concrete beam which doesn’t transfer any type of load to the soil. The main function of the strap footing was to help in the distribution of the weight either heavily loaded column as well as the eccentrically loaded column.

5.STEPPED FOOTINGS:

The main purpose of the stepped footing was to keep the RCC columns away from the direct contact with the soil to save them from the corrosive effect and distribute the load uniformly to the soil.

In the steeped footings all the site slop must be level. The steps must be at least 2 ft in length and height of the steps must be not more than three-quarters of the length of the steps the stepped footing vertical sections must be minimum 6 inches thick.

6.COMBINED FOOTING:

It is used when two or more columns are so close to each other. The combined footing may be trapezoidal or rectangular in plan depending on the site location and design. This type of footings is provided because of these situations if.

1. Soil bearing capacity is inconsistent and low within an area
2. The column end is situated near the property line and the footing cannot be extended.

7.MAT OR RAFT FOUNDATION:

Mat foundation is used when heavy structures are going to be constructed on soft ground or marshy sites. The mat foundation covers the entire area under the structure. The mat foundation is also known as the raft foundation.

8.PILE FOUNDATION:

A pile foundation is a vertical structural element of a deep foundation, driven or drilled deep into the ground at the building site.

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Read also:

1. The quantity of steel in column footing calculation
2. How to read the foundation drawing plan.